In many countries, hydrocarbons are transported by way of buried pipelines. In North America, crude oil and some of its refined products are shipped mainly by pipelines and, as of late, increasingly by rail. This switch to rail transportation has been, in part, a result of opposition to the construction of new pipelines that transport hydrocarbons. Unfortunately, there have been many incidents of train derailments where tanker cars carrying hydrocarbons have caused environmental damage. Additionally, in 2013, a train derailment in Lac-Mégantic (Canada), resulted in the deaths of 47 people. The 74 tank cars that derailed were carrying crude oil.